Young Women Who Survive Breast Cancer at Higher Risk of Developing Second Primary Cancer
A recent study conducted by Kristen D. Brantley, PhD, of Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, reveals that young women who have survived breast cancer may face a higher risk of developing a second primary breast cancer. The study, published in JAMA Oncology, suggests that this risk is particularly increased in younger cancer survivors who have certain genetic mutations or were initially diagnosed with early-stage cancer.
The researchers examined the data of 685 young women who had been diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancer before the age of 40. They aimed to understand the risk of developing another cancer in these individuals. Additionally, they analyzed the data of 547 women who had undergone a bilateral mastectomy, which involves the removal of both breasts.
As part of their study, the researchers evaluated various cancer risk factors such as ethnicity, race, age, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, germline genetics, tumour stage and grade, and receptor status. The results showed that approximately 2.5% of the women in the main study developed secondary or primary breast cancer within a mean of 4.2 years after their initial diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of developing a second primary cancer within five and ten years following diagnosis was found to be 1.5% and 2.6%, respectively.
Interestingly, only 33 women tested positive for a harmful genetic mutation. Women without genetic mutations were found to be less likely to develop contralateral cancer, which can be valuable information when considering surgical options. However, the study revealed a fourfold higher risk for those carrying germline pathogenic variants compared to noncarriers.
The researchers emphasized the importance of genetic testing for young cancer survivors to ensure that they are aware of their risk of developing another breast cancer in the future. They also called for further research to understand why women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer are more susceptible to developing a second primary cancer.
In conclusion, this study sheds light on the increased risk of developing a second primary breast cancer in young women who have survived breast cancer. It highlights the importance of genetic testing and calls for further research to better comprehend the underlying factors contributing to this risk. By gaining a better understanding of these factors, healthcare professionals can provide more targeted and effective care for young breast cancer survivors.