Sheikh Hasina’s exit has reshaped Bangladesh’s political and diplomatic trajectory, creating ripple effects throughout South Asia. Her exit, marked by mass protests and rising discontent, has signaled the collapse of a pro-India hegemony in Dhaka, leaving space for recalibration in Bangladesh’s foreign relations. For decades, Hasina’s leadership aligned closely with New Delhi, creating friction with Pakistan and limiting Dhaka’s options on the international stage. Her ouster has unlocked the potential for a more balanced foreign policy—one that no longer views South Asia solely through an Indian lens.
The interim government’s recent decision to remove the mandatory security clearance for Pakistani citizens applying for visas epitomizes this shift. It not only removes bureaucratic barriers but also symbolizes Dhaka’s readiness to embrace a more inclusive approach in its regional ties. Pakistan’s diplomatic engagement with Bangladesh has deepened, as evidenced by the meeting between Pakistan’s High Commissioner Syed Ahmed Maroof and Khaleda Zia, the leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).
Under Zia, a party historically more amenable to Pakistan, the opportunity for renewed cooperation has grown exponentially. The recent facilitation of direct cargo movement from Karachi to Chittagong is a testament to Bangladesh’s intent to diversify its partnerships.
Bangladesh Rejects India’s Domination
India’s unchecked dominance over Bangladesh’s internal and external policies under Hasina’s regime bred resentment among Bangladeshis. The Awami League’s overt dependence on India for political support, coupled with allegations of Indian interference in Bangladesh’s domestic affairs, spurred anti-India sentiment. Protesters raising slogans against India during Hasina’s resignation further illustrate the depth of public discontent.
Read More: India Defends Arms Exports to Israel Amidst Gaza Genocide
India’s neglect of opposition groups like the BNP and its over-reliance on Hasina have left New Delhi scrambling to rebuild its influence. The re-emergence of the BNP and the growing closeness of Dhaka-Islamabad ties threaten India’s strategic interests. Pakistan, in contrast, has adeptly navigated this diplomatic opening, fostering goodwill across Bangladeshi political circles.
A Revival of Bangladesh-Pakistan Collaboration
The warming of Bangladesh-Pakistan relations heralds a promising era for South Asian politics. Economic and strategic collaboration is at the forefront of this evolving relationship. The planned Pakistan-Bangladesh Joint Economic Commission (JEC) highlights areas of mutual interest, from trade diversification and technical cooperation in textiles to joint ventures in natural gas exploration. These initiatives not only bolster economic ties but also challenge India’s monopoly over Bangladesh’s economic space.
Pakistan’s outreach extends beyond trade. Proposals for defense collaboration, direct flights, and renewed bilateral treaties demonstrate Islamabad’s commitment to rebuilding ties on multiple fronts. For Bangladesh, strengthening relations with Pakistan offers an avenue to reduce dependence on India and assert its sovereignty.
Challenges for India and Opportunities for Regional Balance
India’s strategic encirclement has deepened with the loss of a loyal ally in Dhaka. Bangladesh’s realignment with Pakistan and potential outreach to China further complicates New Delhi’s neighborhood policy. India must now contend with a region increasingly resistant to its influence, as Bangladesh asserts itself as an independent actor on the South Asian stage.
The departure of Sheikh Hasina and the resurgence of the BNP mark a new chapter for Bangladesh. By normalizing ties with Pakistan, Dhaka is signaling its intent to foster regional balance and resist being tethered to India’s geopolitical ambitions. This shift represents a significant opportunity for South Asia to redefine its dynamics, offering both Pakistan and Bangladesh a chance to forge a future based on mutual respect and shared growth.