Paleontologists in Peru have unveiled the fossilized remains of a juvenile crocodilian species dating back 10 to 12 million years. Discovered in the Ocucaje Desert, south of Lima, this rare find sheds light on the evolution and ancient marine life of the region.
Discovery in a Fossil Hotspot
The fossil was unearthed in the Ica region, an area renowned for its abundant fossil deposits. Specifically, it was located in the Pisco Formation, a geologic site known for yielding extraordinary specimens from the Miocene period, which spanned between 5 to 23 million years ago. This juvenile gharial, a fish-eating crocodile, was found in nearly perfect condition in late 2023 by a joint team from Peru’s Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Institute and the Colegio La Unión.
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Juvenile Specimen: First of Its Kind
This discovery marks the first juvenile specimen of this species ever recorded. Measuring around 3 to 4 meters (9.8 to 13 feet) long, it had not yet reached full adulthood. Fully grown adults of this species, dubbed Piscogavialis, could reach up to 9 meters (29.5 feet) in length, making this young crocodilian a significant find.
“This is the first time we found a juvenile of this species, that is to say, it had not reached its maximum size yet. It died before that,” explained vertebrate paleontologist Mario Gamarra, who led the reconstruction of the fossil.
Insights into Ancient Marine Life
The fossil provides important clues about the diet and physical characteristics of this prehistoric crocodilian. Unlike modern crocodiles and alligators, Piscogavialis had an elongated snout perfectly adapted for a piscivorous diet, primarily feeding on fish. According to Gamarra, the closest living relative to this ancient crocodile is the Indian gharial, which also has a long, narrow snout designed for catching fish.
“This find helps us understand how these animals lived and adapted to their environment millions of years ago,” Gamarra said during a news conference.
Window into a Lost Ecosystem
The Ocucaje Desert, where the fossil was found, has long been a treasure trove for paleontologists. Previous discoveries in the region have included fossilized remains of marine vertebrates such as four-legged dwarf whales, dolphins, and sharks. The Miocene-era fossils from this region paint a vivid picture of a once-thriving marine ecosystem.
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In 2023, the region also revealed another groundbreaking discovery: Perucetus colossus, a massive manatee-like whale that is considered the heaviest animal ever to have existed. The discovery of Piscogavialis adds to the growing list of extraordinary finds from this long-lost marine environment.