Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s birthday, officially known as Quaid-e-Azam Day, is a cornerstone of national pride in Pakistan. Observed annually on December 25, this day serves as a powerful reminder of the visionary leadership that led to the creation of Pakistan. Beyond the celebrations, it remains an opportunity to reflect on Jinnah’s enduring legacy in shaping the nation’s identity and its ongoing political discourse.
The Political Legacy of Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876–1948), revered as Quaid-e-Azam or “Great Leader,” is an unparalleled figure in Pakistan’s history. His steadfast leadership of the All-India Muslim League led to the historic creation of Pakistan in 1947, marking the culmination of the struggle for a separate homeland for Muslims of the subcontinent. Jinnah’s vision for Pakistan as a progressive, inclusive state continues to resonate, albeit controversially, in today’s political climate.
The commemoration of Jinnah’s birthday began in 1942, during his lifetime, with events organized by the Muslim League, including receptions, parades, and fundraisers for the poor. These celebrations were not just acts of reverence but also political statements, emphasizing the unity and determination of the Muslim community under Jinnah’s leadership. Even today, his legacy fuels debates about Pakistan’s ideological direction, with competing narratives attempting to claim Jinnah’s vision as their own.
A Symbol of Unity Amidst Division
Quaid-e-Azam Day is a public holiday observed with fervor across Pakistan. From Karachi to Khyber, citizens hoist the national flag atop government buildings, private institutions, and notably, the Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. The day is marked by ceremonial events at the Mazar-e-Quaid (Jinnah’s mausoleum), attended by political leaders, military officials, and citizens.
Public and private institutions, including schools and universities, remain closed, freeing the nation to engage in events such as debates, seminars, and exhibitions dedicated to Jinnah’s life and achievements. However, while these events highlight Jinnah’s contributions, they also underscore the political divides in Pakistan, as various factions interpret his vision to suit their agendas.
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Interestingly, Quaid-e-Azam Day coincides with Christmas, a unique overlap that sees Pakistan’s Christian community celebrating their religious holiday alongside national commemorations. This duality serves as a poignant reminder of Jinnah’s insistence on religious freedom and inclusivity as foundational principles of Pakistan—a vision that remains contested in the country’s deeply polarized society.
Security and State Protocols
Given the significance of Quaid-e-Azam Day, the event is marked by tight security arrangements, managed by the Pakistan Army and Air Force. A ceremonial guard mounting is conducted at the Mazar-e-Quaid, symbolizing the state’s reverence for its founding father. The State Bank of Pakistan and other financial institutions remain closed, underscoring the holiday’s nationwide importance.
Despite the grandeur, the day often brings into sharp focus the stark contrast between Jinnah’s ideals and Pakistan’s current political realities. His calls for unity, democracy, and the rule of law seem increasingly distant in a nation grappling with political instability, corruption, and authoritarian tendencies.
Jinnah’s Vision in Modern Politics
While Quaid-e-Azam Day celebrates Jinnah’s leadership, it also highlights the selective appropriation of his legacy by Pakistan’s political elite. Successive governments, both civilian and military, have invoked Jinnah’s name to legitimize their policies, often distorting his vision to suit their objectives.
The military establishment, which has frequently dominated Pakistan’s political landscape, has cited Jinnah’s leadership style to justify its interventions, while democratic forces emphasize his commitment to constitutionalism and parliamentary rule. Religious parties, meanwhile, champion Jinnah’s advocacy for Muslim rights, often ignoring his progressive stance on minority rights and secular governance.
This tug-of-war over Jinnah’s legacy reflects the broader ideological struggle within Pakistan. The Quaid’s vision of a tolerant, inclusive state stands at odds with the reality of sectarianism, political authoritarianism, and economic inequality. Quaid-e-Azam Day, therefore, serves not only as a celebration but also as a reminder of the unfulfilled promises of his vision.
A Day of Reflection
Quaid-e-Azam Day is more than just a public holiday; it is a day of reflection on the ideals and sacrifices that led to Pakistan’s creation. For many, it is a reminder of Jinnah’s commitment to justice, equality, and democracy—values that seem increasingly elusive in modern Pakistan.
As the nation comes together to honor its founding father, it must also confront the challenges of translating his vision into reality. The political leadership must rise above factionalism and self-interest to build the progressive, united Pakistan that Jinnah envisioned. Only then can Quaid-e-Azam Day truly serve its purpose—not just as a commemoration of the past, but as a call to action for the future.