Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), recently thrust into global attention due to an outbreak in China, is not a new threat to Pakistan. Health experts confirm that the virus has been present in the country for over two decades, first detected in 2001. While its global spotlight has caused concern, Pakistani health authorities emphasize the importance of staying vigilant but calm.
A Virus with a History in Pakistan
HMPV, part of the respiratory virus family, was first identified in Pakistan in 2001. Over the years, it has caused several outbreaks, primarily impacting children. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH) in Islamabad, a 2015 study at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) found 21 cases of HMPV among children hospitalized with severe lower respiratory infections.
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The study revealed that 16.5% of 127 analyzed throat swabs tested positive for HMPV, with genetic strains showing similarities to those found in neighboring countries like India, China, and Singapore. These findings underline HMPV’s longstanding regional presence.
Global Perspective and Recent Developments
HMPV was first identified globally in 2000. The virus primarily targets children under 14, and in the United States, it affects around 20,000 children under five annually. Despite its spread, the disease’s severity has not significantly changed over time.
In China, recent reports of rising infections have prompted authorities to increase screening and isolation measures. Experts speculate that children born during COVID-19 lockdowns might be more vulnerable to HMPV due to limited exposure to common pathogens during those years.
Current Situation in Pakistan
In Pakistan, health officials confirm that HMPV cases have been reported sporadically over the years, often during winter months. Typical symptoms include cough, fever, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Severe cases may result in lung infiltrations, requiring hospitalization.
Currently, Pakistan is experiencing a seasonal influenza surge, with Influenza A and B posing a greater immediate concern. Health authorities are urging the public to adopt preventive measures like frequent handwashing, wearing masks, and maintaining proper coughing etiquette to minimize the spread of both influenza and HMPV.
An NIH spokesperson noted that Pakistan is well-prepared to detect and manage HMPV cases, with testing kits and expertise available nationwide. However, no samples have been reported from health facilities recently.
Government Response and Recommendations
The National Command and Operation Center (NCOC) is scheduled to meet on January 7 to assess HMPV developments in China and their potential implications for Pakistan. Meanwhile, Border Health Services are on high alert to monitor travelers at entry points for signs of respiratory infections.
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Health experts stress the importance of enhanced surveillance and long-term studies to better understand HMPV’s seasonality and clinical impact. They recommend preventive measures similar to those used during the COVID-19 pandemic, including avoiding crowded spaces and maintaining good hygiene practices.