Thousands took to the streets in Iraq’s capital and across the south Sunday to protest against Iran’s kingmaking influence, as the latest deadline for choosing a new prime minister loomed.
Anti-government rallies have rocked Baghdad and the Shiite-majority south since October 1, with demonstrators calling for a complete overhaul of a regime they deem corrupt, inefficient and overly beholden to Tehran. So far, more than 450 people have died and about 25,000 others have been severely wounded.
In Nasiriyah, protesters blocked bridges and several roads while all public buildings remained closed
“The revolution continues!” shouted one demonstrator at a protest encampment in central Diwaniyah. Protesters blocked off public buildings one by one in the southern Iraqi city and put up banners reading, “The country is under construction — please excuse the disruption”.
Before the protests began in October, the then sitting Iraqi PM Adil Abdul-Mahdi ordered transfer of Lieutenant General Abdel-Wahab Al-Saedi from his position of Commander of the Iraqi Counter-Terrorism Force (ICTF) to the Ministry of Defence, offending a vast majority of the Iraqi population, who view Al-Saedi as a true patriot and the liberator of Mosul. The demonstrators are accusing Iran of meddling in Iraq’s affairs by forcing the replacement of every ‘national hero’ in the army with Iranian loyalists.
As the clock ticked closer toward Sunday’s midnight deadline for choosing a new premier, the demonstrators stepped up their protests, blocking highways and roads across the south of Iraq with burning tyres; fearlessly demanding the election of a completely independent Prime Minister.
My take on the #Iraq_Protests for @meriponline
"This new uprising features revolutionary modes of action and expression that go beyond any previous protest movement in the country. Its inclusivity is unprecedented." #نريد_وطن https://t.co/dW3esHrHwf pic.twitter.com/2bPDxy80W2— Zahra Ali زهراء علي (@ZahraSociology) December 18, 2019
The deadline for parliament to choose a new prime minister to replace Adel Abdel Mahdi, who quit last month, has already been pushed back twice by President Barham Saleh. Officials say Iran wants to install Qusay al-Suhail, who served as higher education minister in the government of Abdel Mahdi.
“This is exactly what we oppose — Iranian control over our country,” said 24-year-old student Houeida, speaking to AFP in Baghdad’s Tahrir Square, the epicentre of the protests.
Read more: Iraqi protesters torch Iran consulate amid deadly protests
The demonstrators categorically reject Suhail’s candidacy, along with anyone from the wider political establishment, that has been in place since dictator Saddam Hussein was deposed in 2003, which they call inept, corrupt and one that has not made enough efforts to help improve the existing situation for the weakened and exhausted Iraqi general populace.
“Hundreds of martyrs have fallen and they are still not listening to our claims”, said 21-year-old student Mouataz, in Tahrir Square. “We want a prime minister with integrity, but they bring back a corrupt man in their image whom they will allow to continue robbing us,” he added.
Parliament speaker Mohammed al-Halbussi on Sunday travelled to Arbil, capital of the Kurdish autonomous region in northern Iraq, to discuss who could become the next premier, the presidency there said.
Iraq must be Iraqi again
In a bid to secure the necessary parliamentary majority for a new premier, Shiite powerhouse Iran enlisted the services of a Lebanese Hezbollah official to negotiate with Sunni and Kurdish parties.
The post of prime minister is by convention held by a Shiite in Iraq’s post-2003 political system.
#Iraq_protests take toll on #economy, vulnerable suffer most https://t.co/iqhK6ctwJj
— Ahmed Saffar (@AhmedSaffar2) December 20, 2019
In a Twitter plea to Saleh, one opposition Sunni lawmaker called Sunday for the president to “violate the constitution rather than plunge the country into bloody chaos by choosing a figure people have already rejected”.
Some in parliament — the most fragmented in Iraq’s history — argue that Saleh should use Article 81 of the Constitution, which authorises the president to step in as prime minister himself if there is no agreement among lawmakers on a candidate.
Saleh sought guidance from the Supreme Court on what constitutes a parliamentary majority to choose a premier, but on Sunday the tribunal sent him a letter saying “all options are open”, further adding to the confusion.
Officials say Iran wants to install Qusay al-Suhail, who served as higher education minister in the government of Abdel Mahdi
If the post remains vacant at midnight, the constitution will place Saleh himself in the role of acting premier for just 15 days until political leaders can agree on designating a new premier.
In a sign of the protesters’ unprecedented influence, top Shiite cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani, who is said to have made and unmade every premier in the post-Saddam era, has been notably absent from the manoeuvrings this time around.
Read more: Iraq PM says will resign after bloody protests
The protest movement has been hit by intimidation, including assassinations perpetrated by militias, according to the UN. Around 460 people have been killed since October 1, and some 25,000 have been wounded.
Yet the protesters appeared unbowed on Sunday. Overnight, demonstrators in Diwaniyah and Basra, another southern city, had declared a “general strike”.
Authorises the president to step in as prime minister himself if there is no agreement among lawmakers on a candidate
They burnt tyres to block roads linking southern cities to Baghdad, an AFP correspondent said. The road to Umm Qasr port — vital for imports — near Basra was among those blocked.
In Karbala and Najaf, two Shiite holy cities, striking students closed schools and gathered in their thousands, AFP correspondents said. In Nasiriyah, protesters blocked bridges and several roads while all public buildings remained closed.
Protesters are demanding the fall of Saleh and Halbussi, accusing them of procrastinating. “Iraq must become Iraqi again, and if the president does not help us, we will force him out too,” asserted student Houeida, buoyed by the renewed momentum in Tahrir Square.
AFP with additional input by GVS News Desk.