News Analysis |
Like a number of other developed and developing countries in the world, Pakistan is also shifting towards a paperless, cashless economy. Paper based transactions remained less than half of digital and other electronic related transactions according to a statement released by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). “During the second quarter of FY18, 0.4 million transactions amounting to Rs 93.6 trillion were processed by Pakistan Real-Time Interbank Settlement Mechanism (PRISM),” stated SBP’s ‘Payment System Review-2QFY18’.
According to the report, 117.6 million transactions worth RS40.3 trillion took place using paper based payment methods e.g. cash, cheques, pay orders and demand drafts etc. The report acknowledged the role of PRISM in shifting the economy from cash to electronic transactions. PRISM synchronizes the transactions of its 43 commercial banks and Development Finance Institutes (DFI). It facilitates interbank settlements and mitigates the risks of any errors and disputes.
During this period, digital (e-Banking) processed 186.7 million transactions worth Rs11.7 trillion, real-time online banking (RTOB) processed 41.7 million transactions worth Rs9.8 trillion, of which 47 per cent were online cash deposits. The number of automated teller machines (ATMs) installed by the 32 banks of Pakistan increased from 12,963 to 13,409. Paper based transactions reduced by 1pc in volume and increased by 7.92pc in value. The report suggested that people prefer e-banking channels or paper-based transactions these days.
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Benefits of a Cashless Economy
Cashless transactions are becoming the most favourable mode of transactions throughout the world. The effects are also visible in Pakistan and the reasons are obvious. It saves individuals from carrying a large amount of cash in their wallets, reducing the possibilities of theft. Risks of counterfeit money are also absent in electronic transactions. They are eco-friendly, reducing the cost of production of cash and saving the paper used for making cash.
Electronic transactions are a major step towards reducing corruption in the country. In most cases, bribe is paid with cash because it cannot be tracked. On the other hand, it’s easier to keep track of money and banks can easily identify any unnatural activity in any bank accounts. It also keeps a record of your payments, which can help you budget your spending easily. It also helps the government to identify if a person is spending more than their income and reduce money laundering.
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Drawbacks of a Cashless Economy
Even though cashless economies are the future of the world, it comes with its own drawbacks. It is very hard to implement the system of cashless transactions in rural areas majorly because of lack of awareness. Compared to urban centres with concentrated population, rural areas are sparsely populated which makes it harder to provide adequate facilities for electronic transactions to them. It also requires a certain level of literacy to implement them which is an issue for developing countries like Pakistan.
Electronic transactions are also prone to cyber fraud, online scams and hacking. It is one of the major hurdles for the shift of economies into becoming cashless. A number of electronic transactions services require some fee which is absent in cash transactions. As long as these hurdles are not removed, it will be very hard for countries to completely shift to cashless economies.
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Prospects for Pakistan
The SBP report shows that people in Pakistan are quickly discarding cash in favour of e-money. The great surge of online stores in Pakistan like OLX, Daraz, PakWheels, and Zameen.com etc. shows that you can buy anything from clothes and cars to a house on the internet in Pakistan. The success of these online stores shows Pakistanis’ increasing interest and reliance in e-money and e-banking. Corruption is also a major issue in Pakistan and e-money can be a major step towards resolving it.
A number of economic experts believe that demonetization strategies need to be applied in Pakistan owing to their success in other countries to counter corruption and money laundering. Even abolishing the 5000 rupee note will be a major step towards promoting a cashless economy and fighting corruption. It will also ensure more tax payments and collections which is also one of the major issues in Pakistan.