The recent ousting of the Assad regime on December 8 marked a new chapter in Syria’s history, ending nearly 25 years of Bashar al-Assad’s rule and decades of control by his family. Ahmed al-Sharaa, the newly appointed Syrian administration leader, held talks with UNHCR Chief Filippo Grandi in Damascus to address the refugee crisis. Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad Al-Shaibani also attended the meeting, though details of the discussions were not disclosed.
The changes in Syria’s political landscape have triggered a wave of optimism among displaced citizens. Sharaa expressed hope, predicting that most Syrians abroad would return within two years. Grandi revealed that over 200,000 Syrians had already returned from countries like Lebanon, Jordan, and Türkiye. A recent UNHCR survey indicated a sharp increase in refugees expressing their desire to return, rising from 1% to 30% in just weeks.
Grandi emphasized the importance of sustained support for returning refugees, stating that material aid and restoring basic services in resettlement areas are crucial. He praised Syria’s new authorities for welcoming returnees and stressed the need to respect minority rights and rebuild trust among citizens to ensure long-term stability.
Lebanon Pushes for Refugee Repatriation
Lebanon, home to millions of Syrian refugees for nearly 14 years, is experiencing mounting pressure to address the issue. President Joseph Aoun called on the UNHCR to organize return convoys, citing Lebanon’s inability to bear the financial and social burden of hosting refugees. During his meeting with Grandi, Aoun emphasized the urgency of repatriation, noting that the conditions causing displacement no longer exist.
Grandi commended Lebanon for its generosity but acknowledged the challenges. He highlighted the need for international collaboration, urging global support for repatriation efforts. Lebanese Prime Minister-designate Nawaf Salam also discussed cross-border infiltration issues and stressed the importance of securing the Syrian-Lebanese border to prevent unauthorized movements.
Lebanon’s concerns are compounded by its internal struggles. The Lebanese Army is preparing to take control of border areas as Israeli forces withdraw from southern Lebanon under a ceasefire agreement set to expire on Sunday. Acting Army Commander Maj.-Gen. Hassan Odeh confirmed plans to deploy troops in towns like Kafr Shuba and Hanin, where Israeli forces had left widespread destruction, including burned houses and demolished facilities.
Israeli Withdrawal and Regional Implications
The ongoing Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon, following an incursion that began on October 1, has added another layer of complexity to the region. The ceasefire agreement, brokered under international pressure, mandates the withdrawal of Israeli forces by Sunday. However, outgoing Israeli Ambassador Michael Herzog hinted at talks with the Trump administration to extend the withdrawal deadline.
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Israeli military operations in the Shebaa Farms area uncovered stockpiles of weapons, including anti-tank launchers and rockets, allegedly aimed at Israeli territory. Meanwhile, Lebanese Army units have begun reclaiming affected areas, documenting extensive damage caused by Israeli forces. Video footage showed destroyed homes, burned structures, and devastated communities, particularly in towns like Khiyam and Taybeh.
As Israeli forces pull back, the Lebanese government faces the dual challenge of rebuilding border areas and managing the refugee crisis. Grandi’s visits to Lebanon, Syria, and neighboring countries highlight the interconnected nature of these issues. He urged regional cooperation and international support to ensure refugees can return to a stable Syria, warning that inadequate aid could lead to renewed displacement.
A Path Toward Stability in Syria
The political changes in Syria have rekindled hope for millions of displaced citizens. Relief efforts led by countries like Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Jordan underscore the global commitment to addressing Syria’s humanitarian crisis. However, experts warn that rebuilding trust and infrastructure is critical for sustainable resettlement.
Grandi remains cautiously optimistic, acknowledging the challenges ahead. “The new Syrian authorities must stay on course—respecting minorities, preserving rights, and fostering unity among Syrians,” he said. With over 450,000 refugees already returning in recent months, the international community’s role in providing aid and ensuring long-term stability is more crucial than ever.
As Syria navigates this transformative period, the actions of its new administration and neighboring countries will determine whether refugees can rebuild their lives in a country scarred by years of conflict. The road to recovery remains long, but the foundations for hope are taking shape.