Alpine, the carmaker owned by Renault, has recently revealed an experimental race car that runs on a hydrogen-burning engine. This move indicates that the future of automotive technology may not be solely focused on electric vehicles. The concept, originally showcased as the Alpenglow at the 2022 Paris auto show, has undergone some design changes and received the name “HY4.” Notably, it now features a complete set of specifications, shifting from a vague simulation to a tangible concept.
The Alpenglow HY4 resembles a Le Mans racer and serves as a running and driving laboratory. It boasts a carbon fiber monocoque construction and is equipped with a turbocharged, 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine that generates 340 horsepower. Unlike traditional gasoline-powered engines, the HY4 burns hydrogen, providing a new approach to power generation in cars. Alpine claims that the performance of this hydrogen-burning engine is comparable to that of a gasoline-powered 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine, with a top speed of 167 mph.
However, using hydrogen as a fuel source comes with its challenges. Hydrogen gas requires more effort to achieve a homogeneous mixture within the cylinders compared to liquid fuels. Safety is also a concern, as hydrogen is stored in three 700-bar tanks integrated into the sides and rear of the Alpenglow. To mitigate risks, Alpine has implemented a pressure-regulating system that gradually lowers the pressure before the hydrogen reaches the engine.
The Alpenglow HY4 concept will debut on May 11, 2024, at the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps endurance race. Although it will not participate in the competition, it will be presented to approximately 70,000 spectators. This event serves as an opportunity for Alpine to demonstrate how a hydrogen-powered internal-combustion engine can encapsulate the sounds and vibrancy associated with racing cars. The concept will also make demonstration runs during the 24 Hours of Le Mans in June 2024, further showcasing the potential of this technology.
The future of hydrogen-powered cars depends on various factors, including regulations. Alpine believes that hydrogen technology holds tremendous promise for both racing and road use. Renault, the parent company of Alpine, is also exploring ways to utilize hydrogen across its portfolio, potentially integrating it into hybrid applications by combining a hydrogen fuel cell with an electric motor.
One notable aspect of the Alpenglow HY4 is its decision to bypass the use of a fuel cell. Alpine argues that burning hydrogen directly offers several advantages. It closely resembles the experience of driving a gasoline-powered engine from the driver’s perspective and produces similar sounds for spectators. Additionally, this technology is easier to cool and delivers excellent efficiency under heavy loads.
Interestingly, the Automobile Club de l’Ouest, the organizing body behind the 24 Hours of Le Mans race, has announced that hydrogen-powered vehicles will be permitted to compete starting in 2027. This decision aligns with Alpine’s choice to design the Alpenglow HY4 with a Le Mans racer aesthetic. It suggests that hydrogen-powered cars may have a significant presence in the future of endurance racing.
In conclusion, Alpine’s exploration of hydrogen-burning technology expands the possibilities for alternative fuel sources in the automotive industry. The Alpenglow HY4 concept showcases the potential of this unique powertrain, and its presence at prominent racing events demonstrates Alpine’s commitment to pushing the boundaries of automotive innovation. With hydrogen-powered cars gaining recognition and support from sanctioning bodies, it is increasingly clear that this technology could play a significant role in shaping the future of racing and road vehicles.