Introduction:
Paris-based startup Dark is tackling the issues of space debris and conflict in orbit with their innovative mobile platform. The company’s goal is to become the “S.W.A.T. team of space” by developing a spacecraft called Interceptor, which can launch, attach to, and ultimately de-orbit uncooperative objects in space. Unlike traditional missiles or anti-satellite weapons, the Interceptor uses a gentle strike that doesn’t produce debris or unpredictable effects. Dark closed a $5 million funding round in 2021 and recently raised an additional $6 million, including their first U.S.-based investor.
The Interceptor Concept:
Dark’s co-founders, Clyde Laheyne and Guillaume Orvain, drew on their experience at multinational missile developer MBDA to create the Interceptor concept. Similar to missile systems, the spacecraft is designed to operate on-call, ready for defense, civil, and commercial companies at a moment’s notice. To ensure readiness, Dark is developing its own launching platform. This approach allows Dark to be prepared for unplanned, short missions, which are crucial for orbital defense.
Critical Systems and Technological Development:
Before Dark can remove larger objects from orbit, such as a defunct rocket second stage, the company needs to focus on developing critical systems. This includes the cryogenic engine and software. However, their attention is now shifting towards developing the necessary technologies for executing quick, unplanned missions with Interceptor. These technologies include long-distance detecting and tracking, autonomous flight algorithms, and a reliable controlled reentry system.
Demonstration Missions and Validation:
Dark’s team faces the challenge of retrofitting an aircraft, estimated to cost around $50 million, to serve as the launching platform for Interceptor. They aim to have the entire platform ready for a demonstration mission by 2026. The first mission will validate many of the core technologies of the full-scale platform, although it won’t involve de-orbiting an object. Instead, the mission will focus on successfully touching an object, which in itself is an ambitious feat. Rendezvous and proximity operations, the ability to move close to another object in space and interact with it, have yet to be fully achieved by any company.
Future Plans and Defense Applications:
If the second demonstration mission in 2027 goes according to plan, Dark will start de-orbiting objects for allied civil agencies. However, when it comes to defense customers, Dark hopes that their technology will serve as a deterrent rather than being used in actual conflict. Laheyne emphasizes the concept of dissuasion, where the knowledge and capability to de-orbit objects make conflict unthinkable. By providing a reliable orbital defense system, Dark aims to create an environment where peaceful usage of space is prioritized.
Conclusion:
Dark’s Interceptor spacecraft represents an innovative solution to the growing problems of space debris and potential conflicts in orbit. The company’s focus on developing critical systems and necessary technologies showcases their commitment to ensuring the success of future missions. With their unique approach and ability to perform quick, unplanned missions, Dark aims to become a leading player in orbital defense. By providing a platform that can de-orbit uncooperative objects without producing debris, Dark hopes to contribute towards a safer and more sustainable use of space.