Why EV Charging Speeds Are Often Slower Than Advertised
The excitement around electric vehicles (EVs) continues to grow as more car manufacturers introduce new models and governments push for a transition away from fossil fuels. However, as EV adoption increases, a critical issue arises: the charging speed of public stations often falls far short of the advertised rates. This discrepancy between expectation and reality poses a challenge for drivers and threatens to undermine the growth of the EV industry. In this article, we explore the reasons behind the slower-than-advertised charging speeds and discuss the implications for EV drivers.
## The Complexities of Battery Power
Charging an EV is not as simple as filling up a tank with liquid fuel. The chemical processes involved in battery power are complex, and both internal and external factors can affect charging speed. For instance, the charging rate of an EV is limited by its ability to absorb electrons. While some models can charge at 350 kW, the majority can only charge up to 200 kW. Additionally, extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold, can impact the efficiency of the charging process. To protect the battery from potential damage, automakers program EVs to slow down charging in certain temperature conditions.
## Challenges with Charging Infrastructure
Public charging stations themselves can also contribute to slower charging speeds. On hot days, the local grid may be stretched to its limits by high demand, such as air conditioners in nearby buildings. Moreover, charging stations often split power between multiple vehicles, which can reduce the charging rate. When one cord is in use, a 200 kW charger effectively becomes a 100 kW charger. These limitations in the charging infrastructure mean that even EVs capable of quick charging may not reach their maximum charging capacity at public stations.
## Educating Consumers Key to Managing Expectations
One of the main concerns arising from slower charging speeds is the mismatch between what consumers expect and what they experience. Charging speed has become a prominent marketing metric, with automakers highlighting the time it takes for their vehicles to go from a low battery percentage to 80% capacity. Public charging stations often prominently display the maximum charge rate, giving drivers a false expectation of a consistently fast charging experience. However, recent studies have shown that average charging speeds at U.S. public stations delivering promised speeds of 100 kW or higher were only 52 kW in 2022.
To address this issue, charging executives and industry experts acknowledge the need for improved education. Consumers, especially those new to EVs, may not fully understand the complexities of EV charging and the factors that can influence charging speeds. Transparent and accurate communication about charging expectations is crucial to managing consumer expectations and preventing disappointment.
## The Future of EV Charging
While the speed gap between advertised and actual charging rates may never fully close, there is hope for improvement in the near future. Charging networks are working on building faster and larger stations that can accommodate more EVs simultaneously. For example, Electrify America has been constructing stations capable of 350 kW charging since the end of 2022, and some sites now offer 20 charging slots. Carmakers are also increasing the maximum charging rates on their new models to meet consumer demands for faster charging.
In the meantime, EV drivers can take steps to manage the unpredictability of charging speeds. Planning ahead by using route-planning apps, checking charging network apps, and consulting platforms like Plugshare, where users share charger reviews, can help drivers make informed decisions about where and when to charge their vehicles. Embracing the learning curve and becoming familiar with the intricacies of EV charging can empower drivers to navigate long trips confidently.
## Conclusion
The slower-than-advertised charging speeds at public stations pose a challenge for EV drivers and the industry as a whole. However, by understanding the complexities of battery power, the limitations of charging infrastructure, and the need for consumer education, it is possible to manage expectations and work towards a better charging experience. As charging networks improve their infrastructure and car manufacturers continue to innovate, the gap between advertised and actual charging speeds should narrow, allowing for more convenient and efficient EV charging.
